- In recent years, progress has been made with regard to Goal 3 in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. However, these advances are considered insufficient to achieve the Goal within the established period.
- Noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases and diabetes, along with mental, neurological and substance use disorders, and intentional and unintentional injuries (also referred to as “external causes”), were among the leading causes of death in the region in 2019. 1
- With regard to communicable diseases, countries in the region have faced several infectious disease outbreaks, such as those caused by the dengue and chikungunya viruses, or coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which have tested their capacities to contain the spread among the population.
- Infant and neonatal mortality have been declining systematically in the region, and a number of achievements have been made in terms of adolescent fertility rates and meeting the demand for contraception. However, structural obstacles remain in terms of access to sexual and reproductive health services, including their segmentation, various barriers to receiving care, insufficient funding to meet needs, and problems of quality and timeliness of services.
- The mortality rate attributable to environmental exposure to certain chemicals varies significantly between countries. Many cities in the region exceed the maximum levels of air pollution recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), thus putting people’s health and lives at risk.2
- The region has a high level of universal health service coverage, according to WHO parameters.3 However, significant barriers to health access persist. Household financial protection against private health expenditures also faces major challenges.
1 Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Leading causes of death and disease burden in the Americas: noncommunicable diseases and external causes, Washington, D.C., 2024.
2 World Health Organization (WHO), WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, Geneva, 2021.
3 World Health Organization/World Bank (WHO/World Bank), Tracking Universal Health Coverage: 2023 Global Monitoring Report, Geneva, 2023