- In 2022, the proportion of people living in poverty in Latin America was 29%, 1.2 percentage points lower than before the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Extreme poverty affected 11.2% of the Latin American population, so levels have remained similar to those of 2019.
- Poverty disproportionately affects some population groups. In 2022, poverty rates in working-age women were 1.2 times higher than in men; the poverty rate for people aged 17 and below was 42.5% in 2022, 16 percentage points higher than in the 35–44 age bracket; in the same year, the incidence of poverty in the self-identified Indigenous population was 43.1%, twice that of the non-Indigenous and Afrodescendent population (5).
- In 2019, only 46% of the economically active population was contributing to pension systems (6), and in 2021, 25.9% of the population was enrolled in conditional transfer programmes, although in many cases with low adequacy levels (7). Non-contributory pension systems covered 26.7% of the population aged 65 and over in the region in 2021. Even with that progress, conditional transfer policies and non-contributory pensions are insufficient.
- Between 2000 and 2022, the percentage of the population with access to safe drinking water increased from 90.7% to 97.6%, while access to sanitation rose from 74.7% to 89.5% of the population. However, in rural areas access was still far from universal for both indicators and progress was slower in the Caribbean in terms of access to safe drinking water.
- In 2020–2022, the trend in central government social spending was significantly disrupted, with a spike at the onset of the pandemic followed by a return to near-2019 levels in 2022, of around 11% of GDP on average, which represented a much larger adjustment than that observed in the period following the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis.
- In Latin America, social spending remains the largest component of total public spending, accounting for 53.4% on average. In the five Caribbean countries for which official information is available, this expenditure amounts to 42.2% of total public spending, on average.
- Social protection, education and health are the items that account, on average, for the largest shares of social spending in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Social spending on social protection accounts for 34.9% in Latin America and 23.1% in the Caribbean; education for 34.3% and 31.3%, respectively; and health for 23.3% and 29.9%, respectively.
- In 2022, only two countries in the region attained the health spending target recommended by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (8), if general government spending is taken into account, and none if central government resources are considered (9). In the same year, only eight countries in the region were in the recommended ranges for education spending.