The United Nations Population Fund is agency in charge of two indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals: 5.6.1 and 5.6.2. In addition, UNFPA supports countries around the world in strategies related to the universal access to sexual and reproductive health, particularly the fulfilment of right of women to decide on their own fertility through contraception, the prevention of maternal mortality, the eradication of harmful practices such as marriage and early unions, gender-based violence and the eradication of infant pregnancy and the prevention of adolescent pregnancy. In this context, UNFPA's work mainly covers SDGs 3 and 5, although it also relates to the interactions between population and development: SDGs 1, 4, 9, 11, 16 and 17.

In addition, UNFPA supports countries in the development of population data systems and in strengthening analytical capacities to identify those further behind: who they are, where they locate, where are they moving to, to understand the scope and nature of their needs, and monitor the impact of the investments to address such needs.